Subjective Returns to Non-cognitive Skills in the Russian Labor Market: the Case of Job Satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2024.1.2493Keywords:
non-cognitive skills, human capital, job satisfaction, RLMS HSEAbstract
The paper analyzes the relationships between non-cognitive skills and various measures of job satisfaction, providing an alternative assessment of the returns to non-cognitive skills in the Russian labor market. This topic has not previously been considered in Russian economic studies and, within this study, was investigated for the first time using a nationally representative data of Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey Higher School of Economics (RLMS HSE) for 2016. Econometric analysis was based on the estimation of ordered probit regression models separately for men and women, with Heckman correction procedure performed to combat endogeneity. The results obtained indicate that the Russian labor market provides a “universal” demand for workers with a pronounced conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability, which is rewarded with more comfortable jobs (based on subjective assessments), which is consistent with the results of existing research. Orientation toward cognition and creativity, however, does not lead to higher self-esteem, moreover, openness is strongly associated with lower levels of satisfaction with pay among both men and women, emerging as a possible signal of a perceived mismatch between jobs requirements and human capital structure.
Acknowledgments. The article was prepared within a grant provided by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant Agreement No. 075-15-2022-325). The author expresses express special gratitude to Nina Vishnevskaya for her helpful comments.
References
Вередюк О. В. Качество занятости молодежи в России: анализ оценок удовлетворенности работой// Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены. 2018. № 3. С. 306—323. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2018.3.16.
Veredyuk O.V. (2018) Quality of Youth Employment in Russia: Analysis of Job Satisfaction Assessments. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes. No. 3. P. 306—323. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2018.3.16 (In Russ.)
Гимпельсон В. Е., Зудина А. А., Капелюшников Р. И. Некогнитивные компоненты человеческого капитала: что говорят российские данные // Вопросы экономики. 2020. № 11. С. 5—31. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-11-5-31.
Gimpelson V. E., Zudina A. A., Kapeliushnikov R. I. (2020) Non-Cognitive Components of Human Capital: Evidence from Russian Data. Voprosy Ekonomiki. No.11. P. 5—31. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-11-5-31. (In Russ.)
Зудина А. А. Человеческий капитал неформальных работников в России: о чем говорят некогнитивные навыки // Мир России. 2023. Т. 32. № 1. С. 37——60. https://doi.org/10.17323/1811-038X-2023-32-1-37-60.
Zudina A. A. (2023) The Human Capital of Russian Informal Workers: A Non-Cognitive Skills Perspective. Universe of Russia. Vol. 32. No 1. P. 37—60. https://doi.org/10.17323/1811-038X-2023-32-1-37-60. (In Russ.)
Котырло Е.С. Не хлебом единым: удовлетворенность работой бюджетников в сравнении с работниками частного сектора// Вопросы экономики. 2023. № 8. С. 57-74. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-8-57-74.
Kotyrlo E.S. (2023) Not by Bread Alone: Public–Private Intersectoral Gap in Job Satisfaction. Voprosy Ekonomiki. No 8. P. 57-74. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-8-57-74. (In Russ.)
Монусова Г. А. Удовлетворенность трудом: межстрановые сопоставления// Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2008. № 12. С. 74—83. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-12-74-83.
Monusova G. A. (2008) Satisfaction of Labour: International Comparisons. World Eсonomy and International Relations. No. 12. P. 74—83. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-12-74-83. (In Russ.)
Поплавская А. А., Соболева Н. Э. Удовлетворенность различными аспектами работы мужчин и женщин в России// Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 2017. № 5. С. 271—288. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2017.5.15.
Poplavskaya A. A., Soboleva N. E. (2017) Men’s and Women’s Satisfaction with Various Job Aspects in Russia. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes. No 5. P. 271—288. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2017.5.15. (In Russ.)
Рожкова К. В. Отдача от некогнитивных характеристик на российском рынке труда // Вопросы экономики. 2019. № 11. С. 81—107. http://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-81-107.
Rozhkova K.V. (2019) The Return to Noncognitive Characteristics in the Russian Labor Market. Voprosy Ekonomiki. No. 11. P. 81—107. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-81-107. (In Russ.)
Akerlof G. A., Rose A. K., Yellen J. L. (1988) Job Switching and Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Labor Market. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Vol. 2. P. 495—594. URL: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/1988/06/1988b_bpea_akerlof_rose_yellen_ball_hall.pdf (accessed: 16.02.2024).
Allen J., van der Velden R. (2001) Educational Mismatches versus Skill Mismatches: Effects on Wages, Job Satisfaction, and On-the-Job Search. Oxford Economic Papers. Vol. 53. No. 3. P. 434—452. https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/606099/guid-d259b85a-2cc2-49ae-b321-38b3b43fe817-ASSET1.0.pdf (accessed: 16.02.2024).
Altonji J. G., Humphries J. E., Zhong L. (2022) The Effects of Advanced Degrees on the Wage Rates, Hours, Earnings and Job Satisfaction of Women and Men. NBER Working Paper Series. No. w30105. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4128595 (accessed: 18.01.2024).
Bleidorn W., Hopwood C. J., Back M. D., Denissen J. J. A., Hennecke M., Hill P. L., Jokela M., Kandler C., Lucas R. E., Luhmann M., Orth U., Roberts B. W., Wagner J., Wrzus C., Zimmermann J. (2021) Personality Trait Stability and Change. Personality Science. Vol. 2. P. 1—20. https://doi.org/10.5964/ps.6009.
Capsada-Munsech Q. (2017) Overeducation: Concept, Theories, and Empirical Evidence. Sociology Compass. Vol. 11. No. 10. e12518. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12518.
Cobb-Clark D. A., Schurer S. (2012) The Stability of Big-Five Personality Traits. Economics Letters. Vol. 115. No 1. P. 11—15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.015.
Congregado E., Iglesias J., Millan J. M., Roman C. (2016) Incidence, Effects, Dynamics and Routes out of Overqualification in Europe: a Comprehensive Analysis Distinguishing by Employment Status. Applied Economics. Vol. 48. No. 5. P. 411—445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1083080.
DeLoach S. B., Kurt M., Sansale R. (2022) Non-Cognitive Mismatch and Occupational Switching. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. Vol. 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2022.101846.
Fabra M. E., Camisón C. (2009) Direct and Indirect Effects of Education on Job Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model for the Spanish Case. Economics of Education Review. Vol. 28. No. 5. P. 600—610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2008.12.002.
Fleming C. M., Kler P. (2008) I’m Too Clever for This Job: A Bivariate Probit Analysis on Overeducation and Job Satisfaction in Australia. Applied Economics. Vol. 40. No. 9. P. 1123—1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600771254.
Freeman R. B. (1978) Job Satisfaction as an Economic Variable. The American Economic Review. Vol. 68. No. 2. P. 135—141. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1816677 (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Furnham A., Petrides K. V., Jackson C. J., Cotter T. (2002) Do Personality Factors Predict Job Satisfaction? Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 33. No. 8. P. 1325—1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00016-8.
Furnham A., Zacherl M. (1986) Personality and Job Satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 7. No. 4. P. 453—459. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(86)90123-6.
Green F., Zhu Y. (2010) Overqualification, Job Dissatisfaction, and Increasing Dispersion in the Returns to Graduate Education. Oxford Economic Papers. Vol. 62. No. 4. P. 740—763. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpq002.
Hamermesh D.S. (1999) The Changing Distribution of Job Satisfaction. NBER Working Papers. No. 7332. URL: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w7332/w7332.pdf (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Heckman J. J., Stixrud J., Urzua S. (2006) The Effects of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Abilities on Labour Market Outcomes and Social Behavior. Journal of Labour Economics. Vol. 24. No 3. P. 411—482. https://doi.org/10.1086/504455.
Herzberg F. (1959) The Motivation to Work (2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley.
Hodson R. (1989) Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction: Why Aren’t Women More Dissatisfied? The Sociological Quarterly. Vol. 30. No. 3. P. 385—399. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120848 (accessed: 18.01.2024).
Hulin C. L., Judge T. A. (2003) Job Attitudes. In: Borman W. C., Ligen D. R., Klimoski R. J. (eds.) Handbook of Psychology. Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. P. 255—276.
Izverciana M., Potra S., Ivascu L. (2016) Job Satisfaction Variables: A Grounded Theory Approach. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 221. P. 86—94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.093.
Judge T. A., Heller D., Mount M. K. (2002) Five-Factor Model of Personality and Job Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 87. No. 3. P. 530—541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530.
Judge T.A., Klinger R. (2008) Job Satisfaction: Subjective Well-Being at Work. In: Eid M., Larsen R. J. (eds.) The Science of Subjective Well-Being. New York, NY: Guilford Press. P. 393—413. URL: http://www.timothy-judge.com/Job%20Satisfaction%20and%20Subjective%20Well-Being-Judge%20&%20Klinger.pdf (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Kalleberg A. (1977) Work Values and Job Rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction. American Sociological Review. Vol. 42. No 1. P. 124—143. https://doi.org/10.2307/2117735.
Kristof-Brown A. L., Zimmerman R. D., Johnson E. C. (2005) Consequences of Individual’s Fit at Work: A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit. Personnel Psychology. Vol. 58. No. 2. P. 281—342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x.
Lee Y., Sabharwal M. (2014) Education—Job Match, Salary, and Job Satisfaction Across the Public, Non-Profit, and For-Profit Sectors: Survey of Recent College Graduates. Public Management Review. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 40—64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.957342.
Lévy-Garboua L., Montmarquette C., Simonnet V. (2007) Job Satisfaction and Quits. Labour Economics. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 251—268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2005.08.003.
Lewis G. B., Cho Y. J. (2011) The Aging of the State Government Workforce: Trends and Implications. The American Review of Public Administration. Vol. 41. No. 1. P. 48—60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074009359308.
Lisi G. (2018) Job Satisfaction, Job Match Quality and Labour Supply Decisions. International Review of Economics. Vol. 65. P. 489—505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-018-0311-1.
Litchfield J., Reilly B., Veneziani M. (2012) An Analysis of Life Satisfaction in Albania: A Heteroscedastic Ordered Probit Model Approach. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol. 81. No. 3. P. 731—741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.12.020.
Locke E. A. (1976) The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In: Dunette M. D. (ed.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Vol. 1. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. P.1297—1349.
McCrae R. R., John O. P. (1992) An Introduction to the Five-Factor Model and its Applications. Journal of Personality. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 175—215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x.
McGuinness S., Sloane P. J. (2011) Labour Market Mismatch Among UK Graduates: An Analysis Using REFLEX Data. Economics of Education Review. Vol. 30. No. 1. P. 130—145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.07.006.
Pierre G., Sanchez Puerta M. L., Valerio A., Rajadel T. (2014) STEP Skills Measurement Surveys: Innovative Tools for Assessing Skills. Social Protection and Labor Discussion Paper Series. No. 1421. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19985 (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Pita C., Torregrosa R. J. (2023) The Education-Job Satisfaction Paradox in the Public Sector. Public Organization Review. Vol. 23. P. 1717—1735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-023-00726-0.
Redmond P., McGuinness S. (2020) Explaining the Gender Gap in Job Satisfaction. Applied Economics Letters. Vol. 27. No. 17. P. 1415—1418. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2019.1686111.
Sloane P. J., Mavromaras K. (2020) Overeducation, Skill Mismatches, and Labor Market Outcomes for College Graduates. IZA World of Labor. No. 88. URL: https://wol.iza.org/articles/overeducation-skill-mismatches-and-labor-market-outcomes-for-college-graduates/long (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Smirnykh L. (2023) Working from Home and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Russia. International Journal of Manpower. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2023-0089.
Tokar D. M., Subich L. M. (1997) Relative Contributions of Congruence and Personality Dimensions to Job Satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 50. No. 3. P. 482—491. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1546.
Varshavskaya E. Ya., Podverbnykh U. S. (2023) Impact of Job Mismatches on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Case of Russia. Russian Management Journal. Vol. 21. No. 1. P. 115—132. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2023.106.
Verhaest D., Omey E. (2006) The Impact of Overeducation and its Measurement. Social Indicators Research. Vol. 77. P. 419—448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-4276-6.
Vichet S. (2018) Education-Job Mismatches and Their Impacts on Job Satisfaction: An analysis Among University Graduates in Cambodia. MPRA Paper. No. 87928. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87928/ (accessed: 18.09.2023).
Vieira J. A. C. (2005) Skill Mismatches and Job Satisfaction. Economics Letters. Vol. 89. No.1. P. 39—-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.05.009.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes Journal (Public Opinion Monitoring) ISSN 2219-5467
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
